Medical Resuscitation Studies

Accessories

• How Accurate Are Disposable Manometers?

• Mini StatCO₂ Use with Epinephrine. Shawn Hughes BS, RRT, Betty Blake, BS, RRT, Lee Woods, MD PhD. John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Respiratory Care, November 2006 p1351.

Airtraq +Plus & Airtraq™ – Guided Video Intubation

• Airway management in patients living with obesity: best practice recommendations from the Society for Obesity and Bariatric Anesthesia. McKechnie A, Iliff HA, Black R, Ahmad I, Chesworth A, Chesworth P, Davis N, Griffiths C. Anesthesia. 2025; doi:10.1111/anae.16647. Endorsed by the All Wales Airway Group, Scottish Airway Group, and Difficult Airway Society. Open Access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
• Direct Comparisons of the Performance of Channeled and Nonchanneled Video Laryngoscopes in Adult Airway Management – Anesthesiology, April 2025, V142 – Laura F. Cavallone, M.D., M.Sc., Andrea Vannucci, M.D., D.E.A.A., C.P.P.S.
• McGrath Series 5 video laryngoscope vs Airtraq DL video laryngoscope for double-lumen tube intubation – Li Wan, MD,a Mingfeng Liao, MD,a Li Li, MD, PhD,b Wei Qian, MD,a Rong Hu, MD, PhD,a Kun Chen, MD,a Chuanhan Zhang, MD,a and Wenlong Yao, MD, PhDa,∗
• Airtraq vs Macintosh in obese patients placed in the ramped position – Anaesthesia 2012, 67, 980–985 – D. Ranieri Jr S. M. Filho, S. Batista and P. do Nascimento Jr Serviço de Cirurgia Baria´trica do Hospital do Coraça˜o de Balnea´rio Camboriu, Camboriu, Brazil Department of Anaesthesiology, BotucatuMedical School –UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
• Airtraq vs GlideScope for double-lumen tube intubation – BMC Anesthesiology (2015), DOI 10.1186/s12871-015-0037-5 JieYi, YahongGong, Xiang Quanand YuguangHuang
• Airtraq for routine intubation in high-risk cardiosurgical patients – BMC Research Notes 2011, 4:425 Gereon Schälte, Ulrike Scheid, Steffen Rex, Mark Coburn, Britta Fiedler, Rolf Rossaint and Norbert Zoremba Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
• Comparative Meta Analysis VLs vs DL Cervical inmobilization – British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015 L. Suppan, M. R. Tramèr, M. Niquille, O. Grosgurin and C. Marti. Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
• Airtraq vs Macintosh for nasal intubation – Anaesthesia 2012, 67, 132–138 G. St. Mont,1 I. Biesler,1 R. Pfo¨rtner,2 C. Mohr3 and H. Groeben
• Airtraq vs Storz for children intubation – BMC Anesthesiology 2012, 12:7 Martin K Soerensen & Rolf Holm-Knudsen: University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej Denmark
• Airtraq vs Macintosh. Intubation of morbidly obese patients – British Journal of Anaesthesia 100 (2): 263–8 (2008) S. K. Ndoko et Al. Jean Verdier Public University Hospital of Paris
• Airtraq vs Macintosh in difficult airways – Anaesthesia, 2008, 63, pages 182–188. Maharaj CH et Al. Univ. Of Ireland, Galway
• Comparing Four Video Laryngoscopes and One Optical Laryngoscope with a Standard Macintosh Blade in a Simulated Trapped Car Accident Victim – Authors: Florian J Raimann 1,, Daniel M Tepperis 1, Dirk Meininger 2, Kai Zacharowski 1, Richard Schalk 1, Christian Byhahn 3, Christian F Weber 1,4, Haitham Mutlak 1

CPR, CPR-2, & CPR-2+ (Adult Self-Inflating Bag/BVM)

• It’s In The Bag: Tidal Volumes in Adult and Pediatric Bag Valve Masks. West Jem, March 19, 2020, Benjamin Dafilou, BA; Daniel Schwester, MICP; Nathan Ruhl, PhD; and Andrea Marques-Baptista, MD.
• Factors That Affect Manual Ventilation of Intubated Patients. StatPearls January 29, 2023, Joshua T. Bucher, Rishik Vashisht, Megan Ladd, and Jeffrey S. Cooper.
• Factors That Affect Manual Ventilation of Intubated Patients. Abstract. Carney, et al. Respiratory Care 2022

• The Keys to Switching Over to Positive Pressure Ventilations. Respiratory Therapy, Vol. 15 No. 1 Winter 2019/2020, James Tanis, MD and Mark Merlin, DO.

• Bag-Valve-Mask Tidal Volume and Lung Protective Ventilation Strategies. Respiratory Therapy, Vol. 14 (4) Fall 2019, Steven LeCroy, MA, CRT, EMTP.

• Preoxygenation and Prevention of Desaturation During Emergency Airway Management. Scott D. Weingart, MD, Richard M. Levitan, MD From the Division of Emergency Critical Care, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY (Weingart); and the Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA (Levitan). Ann Emerg Med. 2012;59:165-175.

• Single-Rescuer Adult Basic Life Support. An Advisory Statement From the Basic Life Support Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation. 1997;95:2174-2179. Anthony J. Handley, Lance B. Becker, Mervyn Allen, Ank van Drenth, Efraim B. Kramer, William H. Montgomery

• Avoid Airway Catastrophes on the Extremes of Minute Ventilation. Richard M. Levitan, MD, FACEP. January 20, 2015.

• CPR Quality: Improving Cardiac Resuscitation – Outcomes Both Inside and Outside the Hospital – A Consensus Statement From the American Heart Association. Peter A. Meaney. Circulation July 23, 2013. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/06/25/CIR.0b013e31829d8654.

• Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support – 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary.Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. November 2, 2010. http://circ.ahajournals.org DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970939.

• Smaller self-inflating bags produce greater guideline consistent ventilation in simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Ziad Nehme and Malcolm J Boyle. BMC Emergency Medicine 2009, 9:4 doi:10.1186/1471-227X-9-4. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-227X/9/4.

• Not So Basic Airways – A Modern Approach to Basic Airway Management. JEMS, Sunday, Apr 1, 2018, Andrew Merelman, BS, NRP, FP-C and Richard Levitan, MD, FACEP

• Fast or Slow Rescue Ventilations: A Predictive Model of Gastric Inflation – John R Fitz-Clarke MD PhD
• Factors that affect manual ventilation of intubated patients – Camey, Nela R.1; Phillips, Justin S.2• 3; Warnecke, Edna Lee4; Rodriguez, Elayne M.5
• Carney, et al 2022 Fig. 1 Bag Size vs Tidal Volume Data Analysis Tables and Figures – Carney Research Study
• Limiting Gastric Inflation – RESPIRATORY CARE • MAY 2018 VOL 63 NO 5 – Thomas A Barnes EdD RRT FAARC, Jeffrey J Ward MEd RRT FAARC
• Evaluation of Ventilation Performance and Hand Fatigue Using Two Different Size Adult Bag-Valve Masks. – Respiratory Care | Vol 70, No 10 – Trevor Lee, Remington Quayle, Savannah Ashtiani, Maddison Gordon, Alyssa Zemke.

EZFlow® & EZFlow Max® (Nebulization)

• A Big Advantage of the EZFlow Continuous Nebulizer versus Back-to-Back Hand-Held Nebulizer Treatments S. David Piper, PE, Piper Medical Products, (2000) February.

• The Advantages of Low Flow Continuous Nebulization S. David Piper, PE, Piper Medical Products, (1999) October.

• Using Heliox with EZFlow and EZFlow Max S. David Piper, PE, Piper Medical Products, (2000) February.

• Continuous Nebulization Therapy

• In-Vitro Comparison of Six Continuous Nebulizers S. David Piper, PE, Piper Medical Products, (1999) March.

Face-Cradle® (Prone Positioning)

• Awake Prone Positioning in COVID 19 Patients Associated With Lower Rates of Intubation, Mortality. Bob Kronemyer, Anesthesiology News: Clinical Anesthesiology, November 5, 2021

• Care of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines, Last Updated: June 25, 2020

• Could Lying on Their Stomachs Help Covid-19 Patients? Dr. Sanja Jelic, Columbia University Medical Center

• Oxygenation and Ventilation. NIH COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines, Last Updated: June 11, 2020

• Pressure Injury Prevention – PIP Tips for Prone Positioning, NPIAP.

• Use of Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Patients With COVID-19 and Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure. Xavier Elharrar, MD1; Youssef Trigui, MD1; Anne-Marie Dols, MD2; et alFrançois Touchon, MD1; Stéphanie Martinez, MD1; Eloi Prud’homme, MD3; Laurent Papazian, MD, PhD4; JAMA. 2020;323(22):2336-2338. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8255

• Critical Care Survival Guide, Proning COVID-19 Patients. W. Graham Carlos MD, Mohamed H. Morad MD.

• Prone Position in Management of COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary. Parisa Ghelichkhani1 and Maryam Esmaeili2: Arch. Acad. Emerg. Med. 2020; 8(1): e48. Published online 2020 Apr 11.

• PulmCrit – Awake Proning for COVID-19. emcrit.org, May 5, 2020, Josh Farkas

Flow-Safe® Products (CPAP)

• Efficacy of Flow-Safe in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) – IJMS Irish Journal of Medical Science – October, 2022, Erdem Cevik, Deniz Dogan, Kursat Gumus, Derya Can, Yahya A. Acar
• Is the flow-safe disposable continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system as effective as non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV)…American Journal of Emergency Medicine, İ. UZ, G.S. KIYAN, E. ÖZÇETE, et al.,

• EMS, Prehospital CPAP Devices. PubMed, June 2019, Daniel L. Schwerin; Scott Goldstein.

• Is BiLevel the ‘Holy Grail’ of Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support or Overrated Therapy. Respiratory Therapy, Vol. 13 (4) Fall 2018, Steven C. LeCroy, MA, CRT, EMTP

• Handling the Pressure: What Every Paramedic and EMT Should Know About Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Steven C. LeCroy, MA, CRT, EMTP, August 16, 2018

• Not So Basic Airways – A Modern Approach to Basic Airway Management. JEMS, Sunday, Apr 1, 2018, Andrew Merelman, BS, NRP, FP-C and Richard Levitan, MD, FACEP

• Airway Management Outside the Operating Room Environment Anesthesiology News, September 13, 2017, Lauren Berkow, MD, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of Medicine

• 5 W’s of CPAP Steven C. LeCroy, MA, CRTT, NREMTP, (2014).

• Prehospital treatment with continuous positive airway pressure in patients with acute respiratory failure: a regional observational study. Nielsen et al. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine (2016) 24:121 DOI 10.1186/s13049-016-0315-3

• AARC Clinical Practice Guideline – Incentive Spirometry: 2011 Ruben D Restrepo MD RRT FARRC, Richard Wettstein MMEd RRT, Leo Wittnebel MSIS RRT, and Michael Tracy RRT-NPS RPFT; Respiratory Care, (2011) October. Vol. 56 (10)

• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Steven C. LeCroy, MA, CRTT, NREMTP, (2014).

• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Treatment of Postoperative Hypoxemia Vincenzo Squadrone, MD, Massimiliano Coha, MD…; JAMA, (2005) Feb-2. Vol. 293 (5).

• Cost Effectiveness of NIV in Hospital: Flow-Safe study Pamela Nelson-Artibe

• Healthcare Risk Control – Patient-Supplied Equipment Executive Summary: Medical Technology 8 , (2008) May. Vol. 3.

• Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) using compact CPAP system for treatment of postoperative hypoxaemia in PACU Gereon Schaelte, Steffen Rex, Mark Coburn, Lydia van den Hoff, and Rolf Rossain.

• Peri-operative Respiratory Complications and the Post-operative Consequences – Atelectasis and Risk Factors Paolo Pelosi and Cesare Gregoretti; European Critical Care & Emergency Medicine.

• Review: Introduction to the postanaesthetic care unit Joanna C. Simpson and S. Ramani Moonesinghe; Perioperative Medicine, (2013) . Vol. 2 (5)

• Simple and easy CPAP-treatment Jarmo Turva; MS Special Finnish Magazine – Systole – edition, (2014) Dec.

• The Benefits of CPAP in the Post-Operative Environment Chris Campbell; Respiratory Therapy, (2014) Oct-Nov. Vol. 9 (5).

• Use and Outcomes of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Acute Care Hospitals in Massachusetts Aylin Ozsancak Ugurlu, MD; Samy S. Sidhom, MD, MPH…; CHEST, (2014) May. Vol. 145 (5).

• Handling the Pressure: What Every Paramedic and EMT Should Know about Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) by Steven C. LeCroy, MA, CRT, EMTP, August 16 2018

Flow-Safe II+ (CPAP/BiLevel for COVID-19 Patients)

• Non-Invasive Ventilators Offer Life-Saving Treatment for Less Severe COVID Patients. AdvaMed, April 9, 2020

• With ventilators running out, doctors say the machines are overused for Covid-19. Statnews.com, April 8, 2020, Sharon Begley

• Almost 90% of COVID Patients Placed on Ventilators in New York City Died. LinkedIn.com, April 9, 2020, Margaretta Colangelo and Dmitry Kaminskiy

• New analysis recommends less reliance on ventilators to treat coronavirus patients. Statnews.com, April 21, 2020, Sharon Begley

• Is the flow-safe disposable continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system as effective as non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV)…American Journal of Emergency Medicine, İ. UZ, G.S. KIYAN, E. ÖZÇETE, et al.,

• COVID-19 Infection: Implications for Perioperative and Critical Care Physicians. Anesthesiology, June, 2020, John R. Greenland, M.D., Ph.D.; Marilyn D. Michelow, M.D.; Linlin Wang, M.D., Ph.D.; Martin J. London, M.D.

• PulmCrit – Awake Proning for COVID-19. emcrit.org, May 5, 2020, Josh Farkas

• WHO: Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected. World Health Organization 2020

• Duty to Plan: Health Care, Crisis Standards of Care, and Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. National Academy of Medicine, March 5, 2020, Discussion Paper, John L. Hick, Dan Hanfling, Matthew K. Wynia, and Andrew T. Pavia

• Preoxygenation and FlowSafe II+ – BiLevel device can be effectively used for preoxygenation in patients who require respiratory support.
• Noninvasive Ventilation for Preoxygenation during Emergency Intubation -Gibbs KW, Semler MW, Driver BE, et al. PREOXI Investigators & Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. New England Journal of Medicine. 2024.

EMS Clinical Articles

• Why Can Assessing Respiratory Patients Become Complicated? By Steven LeCroy, (Ret.) MA, CRT, EMTP

Neo-Tee® (Resuscitation)

• 2023 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Focused Update on Neonatal Resuscitation: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care – Nicole K. Yamada, MD, MS; Edgardo Szyld, MD, MSc, Co-Chair; Marya L. Strand, MD, MS; Emer Finan, MB, MEd; Jessica L. Illuzzi, MD, MS; Beena D. Kamath-Rayne, MD, MPH; Vishal S. Kapadia, MD, MSCS; Susan Niermeyer, MD, MPH; Georg M. Schmölzer, MD, PhD; Amanda Williams, RN, CNS, MSN; Gary M. Weiner, MD; Myra H. Wyckoff, MD; Henry C. Lee, MD, Co-Chair; on behalf of the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics. – Circulation 2023
• 2023 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Focused Update on Neonatal Resuscitation: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. – Nicole K. Yamada, MD, MS; Edgardo Szyld, MD, MSc, Co-Chair; Marya L. Strand, MD, MS; Emer Finan, MB, MEd; Jessica L. Illuzzi, MD, MS; Beena D. Kamath-Rayne, MD, MPH; Vishal S. Kapadia, MD, MSCS; Susan Niermeyer, MD, MPH; Georg M. Schmölzer, MD, PhD; Amanda Williams, RN, CNS, MSN; Gary M. Weiner, MD; Myra H. Wyckoff, MD; Henry C. Lee, MD, Co-Chair; on behalf of the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics

• Comparing the Efficacy of Three Positive Pressure Ventilation Devices Used by Medical Students on a Neonatal Resuscitation Simulator Sergio Agudelo Pérez*, María José Maldonado, Oscar Gamboa, Ana María Triana, Mauricio Agudelo & Orlando Clavijo Auza. School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Chia, Cundinamarca, Colombia, Neonatal Intensive Care, (2020) Fall. Vol. 33 No.4

• Comparison the efficacy of three positive pressure ventilation devices used by medicine students on a neonatal resuscitation simulators Sergio Agudelo Pérez*, María José Maldonado, Oscar Gamboa, Ana María Triana, Mauricio Agudelo & Orlando Clavijo Auza. School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Chia, Cundinamarca, Colombia, Clin. Pract. 137 (2017) 14(2), 137-144

• T-piece or self inflating bag for positive pressure ventilation during delivery room resuscitation: An RCT Resuscitation – Official Journal of the European Resuscitation Council, January 27, 2015

• Not So Basic Airways – A Modern Approach to Basic Airway Management. JEMS, Sunday, Apr 1, 2018, Andrew Merelman, BS, NRP, FP-C and Richard Levitan, MD, FACEP

• Accuracy of a Disposable Compared to a Non-Disposable Infant T-piece Resuscitator Krabbe VB, van Vonderen JJ, Roehr CC, Te Pas AB Eur J Pediatr., (2014) Aug. Vol. 173 (8) p. 1005-9. 10.1007/s00431-014-2280-z.

• Best New Products Contemporary Pediatrics. (2011)

• Clinical Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing Functional Residual Capacity Measurement Lara Brewer, Joseph Orr; Anesthesiology, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT. Respiratory Care, (2011) October. Vol. 56 (10)

• Evaluation of Accuracy & Reliability of the Neo-Tee Disposable T-Piece Resuscitator John T. Gallagher, Kathleen M. Deakins, Timothy R. Myers; Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH. Respiratory Care, (2011) October. Vol. 56 (10).

• Evaluation of the Neo-Tee T-Piece Infant Resuscitator – Abstract, RC Magazine, Oct 2012

• Hospital Benefits of Using the Neo-Tee Kim Esposito, RRT-NPS, Clinical Coordinator Respiratory Care Dept; Bryn Mawr Hospital. Respiratory Therapy, (2014) Feb-March. Vol. 9 (1).

• Neonatal & Infant Ventilation Methods Steven C. LeCroy, MA, CRTT, EMT-P. JEMS, (2014) March.

• Neo-Tee Abstracts

• Neo-Tee Assists Clinicians in Providing Better Patient Outcomes Kim Esposito, RRT-NPS, Clinical Coordinator Respiratory Care Dept; Bryn Mawr Hospital. Neonatal Intensive Care, (2014) March-April. Vol. 27 (2).

• Neo-Tee Discussion – St. Joseph’s Women’s Hospital, Tampa, FL Andrew Slezak, MEd, RRT-NPS, Neonatal Clinical Education; St. Joseph’s Women’s Hospital, Tampa, FL. Neonatal Intensive Care, (2013) Nov-Dec. Vol. 26 (7).

• Equipment: Resuscitation of the Newborn and Premature Neonate – Curt Partain, RRT-NPS, NICU Respiratory Care Clinical Educator; Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, CA.
• Can a T-Piece Resuscitator Provide Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)? – Captain Steven C LeCroy Sr (Ret) MA, CRT, EMTP – Respiratory Therapy Vol. 19 No. 4 n Fall 2024

NIFometer

• Respiratory Care 2008 Open Forum Abstracts Usefulness of a disposable manometer for the negative inspiratory force (NIF) measurement during weaning readiness assessment in cancer patients. Quan M. Nguyen, Shubhra Ghosh, Clarence G. Finch, Kristen J. Price.

ResMed

• Patients transitioned to AirCurve 10 S and VAuto showed improved compliance – ResMed internal AirView data analysis. Data from 1496 US patients in AirView. 2017.

Resusa-Tee® (Resuscitation)

• Evaluation of the Accuracy of Tidal Volume, PIP & PEEP Using a Novel T-Piece Resuscitator for Pediatric and Adult Patients Chad E. Weagraff, Kathleen Deakins. Respiratory Care 2017; 62(10): 0F14

Resuscitation/AHA Guidelines

• 2023 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Focused Update on Neonatal Resuscitation: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. – Nicole K. Yamada, MD, MS; Edgardo Szyld, MD, MSc, Co-Chair; Marya L. Strand, MD, MS; Emer Finan, MB, MEd; Jessica L. Illuzzi, MD, MS; Beena D. Kamath-Rayne, MD, MPH; Vishal S. Kapadia, MD, MSCS; Susan Niermeyer, MD, MPH; Georg M. Schmölzer, MD, PhD; Amanda Williams, RN, CNS, MSN; Gary M. Weiner, MD; Myra H. Wyckoff, MD; Henry C. Lee, MD, Co-Chair; on behalf of the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics
• 2023 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Focused Update on Neonatal Resuscitation: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care – Nicole K. Yamada, MD, MS; Edgardo Szyld, MD, MSc, Co-Chair; Marya L. Strand, MD, MS; Emer Finan, MB, MEd; Jessica L. Illuzzi, MD, MS; Beena D. Kamath-Rayne, MD, MPH; Vishal S. Kapadia, MD, MSCS; Susan Niermeyer, MD, MPH; Georg M. Schmölzer, MD, PhD; Amanda Williams, RN, CNS, MSN; Gary M. Weiner, MD; Myra H. Wyckoff, MD; Henry C. Lee, MD, Co-Chair; on behalf of the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics. – Circulation 2023

• 2021 Interim Guidance to Health Care Providers for Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. Vol. 14, No. 10.

• Mercury Products Meet NRP & STABLE Guidelines (Company Internal Document with reference to American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association Neonatal Resuscitation and S.T.A.B.L.E. Program Guidelines for Neonatal Healthcare Providers.

• Introduction to the postanaesthetic care unit Joanna C Simpson and S Ramani Moonesinghe Perioperative Medicine, (2013) March. Vol. 2 (1) p. 5. 10.1186/2047-0525-2-5.

• Neonatal Resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Special Report American Academy of Pediatrics.

ShurClear

• Performance Characteristics of Positive Expiratory Pressure Devices – Respir Care 2020 Sep 15. By Angela M Demchuk 1, Robert L Chatburn 2

SPIRALITH®CA (CO₂ Absorbent)

• Carbon dioxide absorbent desiccation safety conference convened by APSF – By Michael A. Olympio, MD – Volume 20, No. 2, 25-44, Summer 2005

• Carbon Dioxide Absorption During Inhalation Anesthesia: A Modern Practice – By Jeffrey M. Feldman, MSE, MD,*† Jan Hendrickx, MD, PhD,‡ and R. Ross Kennedy, MB, ChB, PhD – April 2021 • Volume 132 • Number 4

• In vitro efficiency of 16 different Ca(OH)2 based CO2 absorbent brands – By Yan Jiang1 · Mohammed K. Bashraheel2 · Hongliang Liu1 · Jan Poelaert3 · Marc Van de Velde4 · Geert Vandenbroucke2 · Rik Carette2 · Andre M. De Wolf5 · Jan F. A. Hendrickx2 – December 2018

• SpiraLith® Ca Eliminates Concern for Compound A while Maximizing Absorption Capacity 
• In vitro efficiency of 16 different Ca(OH)2 based CO2 absorbent brands  – Yan Jiang(1) · Mohammed K. Bashraheel(2) · Hongliang Liu1 · Jan Poelaert(3) · Marc Van de Velde(4) · Geert Vandenbroucke(2) · Rik Carette(2) · Andre M. De Wolf(5) · Jan F. A. Hendrickx(2) – 25 July 2018 / Accepted: 31 December 2018 © Springer Nature B.V. 201